The Effect Of Aging On Neural Cells - 1425 Words

The Effect of Aging on Neural Cells Introduction: Neurogenesis is defined as the creation of new brain cells. Before studies proved that neural cells do have the capacity to proliferate and repair themselves, it was often believed that species are born with a distinct amount of neural cells and as time passes, these cells would die without the ability to be healed or replaced. It was thought that the cells were mainly formed during the embryonic and perinatal stages in the mammals (Ming and Song, 2005). The first piece of evidence that proved that neural cells can be formed throughout the life of a mammal was found by Altman. He found that there were newly formed granule cells in a postnatal rat hippocampus (Altman and Das, 1965). In humans, there are two main regions that were found to have an active amount of neurogenesis. One is the subgranular zone (SGZ) which is located in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. It is here that new dentate granule cells are generated. The other is the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the late ral ventricles. Neurons are generated in this area and are migrated through the rostral migratory system (RMS) to the olfactory bulbs where they become interneurons (Gage, 2000). A question scientists continuously investigate is whether or not there is a decrease in an organism’s ability to regenerate and repair neural cells as they age, and if this there is a limit on their ability to regenerate these cells, are there genes or proteins thatShow MoreRelatedStem Cell Aging1894 Words   |  8 PagesStem cell aging is still a controversial topic among scientists. One of the most popular explanations of stem cell aging is defined by the decrease in ability to proliferate or self-renew. Cell regulation mechanisms that have been related to aging are senescence and apoptosis. Leading evidence has identified the relationship between p16INK4a, a tumor suppressor protein, and aging in neural stem cells. Neural stem cells regenerate neurons and glial cells as required by the organism s, but an increaseRead MoreBiological Hazards And Physical Hazards1051 Words   |  5 PagesExogenous threats can shape stress responses across the lifespan, and influences the rate of aging (ES-2014-aging). Environmental stressors include any factors that cause cell injury, such as heavy metals, radiation, heat exposure, reactive oxygen species, osmotic fluctuation, as well as social and psychological stressors (ES-2014). These trigger the stress response and related behavioral pathways through neural networks and interconnected neurohormonal and immune patterns. The capacity of human beingsRead MoreRelation Between Sarcopenia And Functional Disabilities And Increase Risk Of Falls Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesdisability, it is well established that the aging process itself is associated with numerous changes in the human body. One of the most significant age-related anatomical changes is that which happens to the skeletal muscle mass (Visser and Schaap, 2011). â€Å"Sarcopenia† is used to indicate progressive reduction in muscle mass, muscle strength and function that affect older people (Pathy et al., 2006). Sarcopenia results in unfavorable and detrimental effects on an older person’s physical function. MuscleRead MoreThe Benefits of Strength Training1449 Words   |  6 Pagesstrength, but the ability to negate or control certain diseases while improving conditions associated with aging. Studies have shown that initial increases in strength seen in the beginning stages of strength training programs are largely due to neural factors, even though, the process responsible for muscle growth is evident in early weeks of training. Research shows that different types of neural adaptations like enhanced coordination and increased voluntary activation of major muscles are responsibleRead MoreThe Effects Of Time Spent Learning New Information On Memory Recall Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom having an unproductive part in the neural cell activity because everyone should have fairly good memory. Does aging have an effect on memory recall? Does a person’s poor memory recall have to do with a neurological disorder? Does the amount of time given to learn something, effect the ability to recall? In this paper, first, the literature on memory retrieval and neural cell activity is reviewed. And then, an experiment will be proposed to examine the effects of time spent learn ing new informationRead MoreA Research On The Field Of Neuroscience1424 Words   |  6 Pagesnervous, endocrine and immune system in healthy aging and disease conditions. Therefore, I acquired a deeper understanding of neuroendocrine-immune interactions and the development of intervention strategies in aging and in combating debilitating diseases such as cancer. After the completion of my M. Tech. program, I further decided to pursue my doctoral research in the same area, with Prof. Srinivasan ThyagaRajan. My doctoral dissertation examines the effects of Morinda citrifolia fruit juice on the neuroendocrine-immuneRead MoreArt Therapies And Its Impact On Cognition1271 Words   |  6 PagesSuccessful aging is something individuals want to attain, especially maintaining our cognition and memory, as we get older. Therefore, (Denis, 2013 ) Cognition is a component of a person biological make up that is not fixed for individuals, it can be improved or decline through out the life span (Cavanaugh, 2011 ). Cognition has many different facets; cognition is not static throughout a person’s lifespan. Cognition can include memory and the rate individuals process different types of informationRead MoreAspirin: The Miracle Drug Essay1158 Words   |  5 Pagesas vulnerable to ischemia as gray matter. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) arise from the subventricular zone. OPC’s are immature oligodendrocytes that have the ability to grow and become specialized myelinating cells. An increase of OPC’s in the subventricular zone would increase the number of developed oligodendrocytes, which could significantly help in the repair of WML’s. Considering aspirins potential protective effects, it may be the drug that promotes OPC proliferation and differentiationRead MoreClinical Comparisons Of The Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies1203 Words   |  5 PagesAlzheimer’s disease (AD) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) are neurodegenerative diseases with overlapping biomarkers and behavioral symptoms, thus making the diagnosis of CTE difficult to fully address and identify. Additional concerns over the effects and correlation of multiple concussions are arising clinically as well as socially. Despite its recent attention and increasing recognition for f urther research, much remains unknown and unclear on the clinical and pathophysiology of CTE. CurrentlyRead MoreAging Affects The Appetite And Food Intake1697 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Aging affects the appetite and food intake of a person resulting in a gradual decreasing in the body weight. Moreover, slower stomach emptying makes the elderly to experience increased fullness or satiation all the time. The alteration of gut peptides, such as cholecystokinin, insulin, GLP-1 and Peptide YY during aging modifies satiation and satiety. Moreover, the study collected data from seven scholarly reviewed medical journals following well-defined criteria: must use scholarly reviewed